Abstract from the "Radiation Protection Ordinance" (StrlSchV)
Chapter 2
Protection of the population and the environment against the dangers of ionising radiation
§ 44 Dose limits for supervised areas outside operations boundaries
(1) The whole-body dose of any person within supervised areas outside operations boundaries shall not exceed 1.5 milli-Sievert (150 millirem) per year.
(2) In individual cases, the authority in charge shall have the right to allow an increase of the whole-body dose as indicated under para. 1 of up to 5 milli-Sievert (500 millirem) per year for the duration of one year, if, as a consequence of this increase, the objectives mentioned under § 45 are not impaired.
§ 45 Dose rates for areas that are not radiation protection areas
As laid down in § 29 para. 1, the Radiation Protection Officer shall plan the technical design and operation of his or her machinery and equipment in such a way that the radiation exposure of human beings caused by the quantity of radioactive substance emanating from this machinery and equipment or existing in air or water are maintained at the lowest possible level and that it amounts to a maximum of 3/500 and, in case of the thyroid glands via the food chain, to a maximum total of 3/1,000 of the respective values mentioned in Annex X, Column 2. This radiation exposure must be calculated for the most unfavourable places of exposure by taking all relevant paths of exposure including food chains into account; the assumptions to be made and the procedures to be followed in individual cases shall be determined by the Federal Minister in charge of reactor safety and radiation protection upon approval of the Federal Council. If other machinery and equipment contribute to the radiation exposure of this or other locations, the authority in charge shall take care that the total values mentioned under Clause 1 shall not be exceeded.
§ 46 Protection of air, water and soil
(1) In case of activities pursued in line with §§ 6, 7 or 9 of the Atomic Energy Act or §§ 4, 4 para. 1, §§ 16 or 17 of this Ordinance, measures shall be taken that, in case radioactive substance might come into contact with air, water or soil,
1. an uncontrolled release is avoided,
2. the released radioactivity is as low as possible,
3. the release is monitored and reported to the authority in charge, specified depending on its type and activity,
(2) In case of concerns that the dose rates of § 45 are exceeded at any location, the authority in charge shall determine the maximum permissible total of radioactivity released into air and water within one year in such a way that the dose rates of § 45 are not exceeded.
(3) If the authority in charge does not determine the maximum permissible value of radioactivity released within one year, the yearly average of one cubic metre of air dissipating from controlled areas or supervised areas shall not contain a radioactivity higher than 1/7,300 of the values mentioned in Annex IV 1 and IV 2, Column 5 coming from activities as laid down in para. 1 for radionuclides and mixtures of radionuclides where the incorporation sets the statutory limit. The same shall apply if air dissipates from closed spaces which are not controlled areas but in which activities as laid down in para. 1 are pursued.
(4) If the authority in charge does not define the maximum permissible value of radioactivity released into water, the water emanating from the controlled areas or from the supervised areas must not be discharged into sewers or waters above ground, unless the yearly average of radioactivity per cubic metre of waste water produced due to the activities mentioned in para. 1 does not exceed 1.25 times the values given in Annex IV, Tabels IV and IV 3, Column 6. The same shall apply if water or waste water dissipates from closed spaces which are not controlled areas but in which activities as laid down in para. 1 are pursued.
(5) In individual cases and deviating from the provisions of para. 3 and 4, the authority in charge shall be entitled to define lower concentrations or releases of radioactivity if this is necessary in order to protect individuals or the general public or to keep the environment clean. On the other hand, it shall have the right to approve of higher concentrations or releases of radioactivity if it can be guaranteed on the basis of protective and monitoring measures that individuals or the general public are not jeopardised and that reasons for keeping the environment clean do not contradict this. In so doing, direct and indirect impacts via food chains shall be taken into consideration.
(6) In case of activities pursued in line with §§ 6, 7 or 9 of the Atomic Energy Act or §§ 3, 4 para. 1, §§ 16 or 17 of this Ordinance, the persons or organisations in charge shall take care that radioactive substance does not enter the soil, unless this has been explicitly permitted in an approval.
(7) Other legal provisions concerning the protection of air, water and soil shall remain unaffected.
§ 47 Duty to deliver radioactive waste
(1) Radioactive waste shall be delivered to a state collection centre for radioactive waste to be determined by the respective authorities of the states or to an institution that has been granted an official approval to dispose of radioactive waste, unless the storage of nuclear fuel in line with §§ 6 or 7 of the Atomic Energy Act or the processing and other use of nuclear fuel in line with § 9 of the Atomic Energy Act have been approved of, unless the disposal of radioactive substances in line with § 3 para. 1 has been approved of or does not have to be approved of in line with § 4 para. 4, item no. 2, letter e or unless the release is permissible in line with §§ 45 or 46. The authority in charge shall have the right to stipulate the type of treatment of radioactive waste prior to its delivery and to demand that an evidence of the observation of this stipulation is provided.
(2) Radioactive waste incurred in plants subject to approval as laid down in § 7 of the Atomic Energy Act or due to activities as laid down in § 9 of the Atomic Energy Act shall only be delivered to a state collection centre if the authority in charge has granted approval to do so. The authority shall have the right to stipulate the type of treatment of radioactive waste prior to its delivery and to demand that an evidence of the observation of this stipulation is provided.
(3) Nobody shall have the right to shirk from one's duty to deliver radioactive waste containing radioactive substance from an activity subject to being approved of or to being reported by disposing of it, having disposed of it or making its disposal possible by taking advantage of the provisions on exemption limits and by splitting the waste in order to fall below exemption limits.
§ 48 Monitoring of the surroundings
The authority in charge shall have the right to stipulate that the radioactivity incurred during the operation of machinery and equipment subject to being approved of is determined by taking samples in the surroundings and by measuring the dose rates in line with a plan to be determined. Moreover, it shall have the right to stipulate that the measured results are recorded, submitted if required and made accessible to the public. The authority in charge shall be entitled to determine which institution shall conduct the measurements.